Question No: 22 ( Marks: 5 )
(a) Write down two positive features of client-side scripting.
Client-side scripting offers an easy way to provide additional functionality and flexibility to your project. HTML is very limited; its main purpose is to display and format content. It allows little or no interaction with the visitors of your site.
Scripting technologies like JavaScript, JScript, VBScript and others are used on many sites to add extra functionality to a web site. Ranging from simple mouse over image effects, animation, form field validation to complex dynamic menu systems, these scripts enhances the functionality and user experience.
(b) Discuss two deficiencies of JavaScript.
uestion No: 23 ( Marks: 5 )
What are the key features of a word processor?
Insert text: Allows you to insert text anywhere in the document.
delete text: Allows you to erase characters, words, lines, or pages as easily as you can cross them out on paper.
cut and paste : Allows you to remove (cut) a section of text from one place in a document and insert (paste) it somewhere else.
copy : Allows you to duplicate a section of text.
page size and margins : Allows you to define various page sizes and margins, and the word processor will automatically readjust the text so that it fits.
search and replace : Allows you to direct the word processor to search for a particular word or phrase. You can also direct the word processor to replace one group of characters with another everywhere that the first group appears.
word wrap : The word processor automatically moves to the next line when you have filled one line with text, and it will readjust text if you change the margins.
print: Allows you to send a document to a printer to get hardcopy.
file management : Many word processors contain file management capabilities that allow you to create, delete, move, and search for files.
font specifications: Allows you to change fonts within a document. For example, you can specify bold, italics, and underlining. Most word processors also let you change the font size and even the typeface.
footnotes and cross-references: Automates the numbering and placement of footnotes and enables you to easily cross-reference other sections of the document.
graphics graphics: Allows you to embed illustrations and graphs into a document. Some word processors let you create the illustrations within the word processor; others let you insert an illustration produced by a different program.
headers , footers , and page numbering: Allows you to specify customized headers and footers that the word processor will put at the top and bottom of every page. The word processor automatically keeps track of page numbers so that the correct number appears on each page.
layout : Allows you to specify different margins within a single document and to specify various methods for indenting paragraphs.
macros : A macro is a character or word that represents a series of keystrokes. The keystrokes can represent text or commands. The ability to define macros allows you to save yourself a lot of time by replacing common combinations of keystrokes.
merges: Allows you to merge text from one file into another file. This is particularly useful for generating many files that have the same format but different data. Generating mailing labels is the classic example of using merges.
spell checker : A utility that allows you to check the spelling of words. It will highlight any words that it does not recognize.
tables of contents and indexes: Allows you to automatically create a table of contents and index based on special codes that you insert in the document.
thesaurus: A built-in thesaurus that allows you to search for synonyms without leaving the word processor.
( Marks: 2 )
Explain briefly the different techniques that are used to embed JavaScript code in a web page?
Answer., Client-side JavaScript code is embedded within HTML documents in a number of ways:
Between a pair of <script> and </script> tags
From an external file specified by the src attribute of a <script> tag
In an event handler, specified as the value of an HTML attribute such as onclick or onmouseover
As the body of a URL that uses the special javascript: protocol
The following sections document each of these JavaScript embedding techniques in more detail. Together, they explain all the ways to include JavaScript in web pages -- that is, they explain the allowed structure of JavaScript programs on the client side.
( Marks: 2 )
What is an interpreter? Write its one benifit over compiler.?
Answere
Interpreter is a program that executes instructions written in a high-level language
An interpreter translates high-level instructions into an intermediate form, which it then
executes. In contrast, a compiler translates high-level instructions directly into machine
language
Compiled programs generally run faster than interpreted programs.
compilation stage during which the whole of the high-level code is translated into
machine instructions in one go. This process can be time-consuming if the program is
long.
The interpreter can immediately execute high-level programs, without waiting for the
completion of the translation process
The choice of which language to use can also depend on the:
-Type of computer the program is to run on,
- Expertise of the programmer
Interpreters: immediate response, but execute code slowly.
Compilers: Takes longer to compile, but super-fast execution.
( Marks: 2 )
Whether response time of a microprocessor is greater or less than that of RAM?
A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC, or microchipThe first microprocessors emerged in the early 1970s and were used for electronic calculators, using binary-coded decimal (BCD) arithmetic in 4-bit words. Other embedded uses of 4-bit and 8-bit microprocessors, such as terminals, printers, various kinds of automation etc, followed soon after. Affordable 8-bit microprocessors with 16-bit addressing also led to the first general-purpose microcomputers from the mid-1970s on.
During the 1960's, computer processors were often constructed out of small and medium-scale ICs containing from tens to a few hundred transistors. The integration of a whole CPU onto a single chip greatly reduced the cost of processing power. From these humble beginnings, continued increases in microprocessor capacity have rendered other forms of computers almost completely obsolete (see history of computing hardware), with one or more microprocessors used in everything from the smallest embedded systems and handheld devices to the largest mainframes and supercomputers.
Since the early 1970s, the increase in capacity of microprocessors has been a consequence of Moore's Law, which suggests that the complexity of an integrated circuit, with respect to minimum component cost, doubles every two years
In the late 1990s, and in the high-performance microprocessor segment, heat generation (TDP), due to switching losses, static current leakage, and other factors, emerged as a leading developmental constraint
( Marks: 3 )
Write formula for the following expression.
1) If we want to add the value from cell C3 to C10 we can write
2) If we want to add the value of C2 to the value of C4 and than multiply by C6 , the formula is written for
1.answer formula
=sum(c3:c10) then enter
=(c2+c10Xc6) then enter
( Marks: 5 )
What is software life cycle?
SW Life-Cycle
The sequence of phases a SW goes through from the concept to decommissioning
It is important to think about all those phases before the design work starts
Thinking about the future phases generally results in:
Shorter delivery times
Reduced costs of development
A system of higher quality
A Case in Point
I didn’t discuss with the customer the specs of the HW & OS before developing a
particular e-commerce SW.
I wrote it for the HW/OS that was easily available to me.
Unfortunately that HW/OS combination differed from what was easily available to the
client Result: Huge amount of rework. Higher cost. Delayed delivery. Lower quality.
Therefore, now before designing a SW system, I first write down the installation manual,
and get it OK’d by the customer. I do the same with the Operation & Maintenance
manual as well.
Question No: 23 ( Marks: 5 )
Elaborate greedy algorithm definition with solid example in favour and one counter example?
An algorithm that always takes the best immediate, or local solution while finding an
answer
Greedy algorithms may find the overall or globally optimal solution for some
optimization problems, but may find less-than-optimal solutions for some instances of
other problems
KEY ADVANTAGE: Greedy algorithms are usually faster, since they don't consider the
details of possible alternatives
Greedy Algorithm: Counter Example
During one of the international cricket tournaments, one of the teams intentionally lost a
match, so that they could qualify for the next round
If they had won that particular match, some other team would have qualified
This is an example of a non-greedy algorithm
Greedy Algorithm: Example
A skier skiing downhill on a mountain wants to get to the bottom as quickly as possible
What sort of an algorithm should the skier be using?
The greedy-algorithm approach will be to always have the skies pointed towards the
largest downhill slope (dy/dx), at all times
What is the problem with that approach?
In what situations that will be the best algorithm?
In which situations would it perform poorly?
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